Hebrews 2

By way of reminder, Hebrews is an epistle addressed to three different groups of Jews residing in one particular community. One group was Jewish non-Christians who didn't believe anything about the gospel. A second group was Jewish Christians who were still hanging on to the rituals of Judaism. The third group was Jewish non-Christians who were intellectually convinced about the truths of the gospel, but who had never committed their lives to Christ. The writer of Hebrews had one purpose: To show all three groups that Jesus Christ brought a New Covenant that is better than the old one. He wanted to prove to the Jews that the Old Covenant was not wrong but incomplete, for Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of the Old Covenant. To prove that the New Covenant is better, this, the writer of Hebrews discusses the important characters of the Old Covenant and shows Christ to be better than all of them. In Hebrews 1:1-3 we saw that Christ is better than everyone and everything. Then in verses 4-14 the writer dealt specifically with Christ's superiority over angels. - The Superiority of Christ - The Tragedy of Neglecting Salvation: www.biblebb.com/files/MAC/sg1604.htm

(1) *So we must listen very carefully to the truth we have heard, or we may **drift away from it.

*So ="Therefore" - Because of the superiority of Jesus to the angels, we must give heed to Jesus.

**drift away: The figure is that of a boat drifting along at an almost imperceptible pace being carried along in the wrong direction by a subtle current. What this current is that may cause us to drift becomes obvious throughout Hebrews - a movement back to Judaism and the law - leaving salvation by grace and going back to an attempt at salvation by works. But, this movement happens in such small stages that the change is not noticed until it's too late.

There are two key Greek words in Hebrews 2:1: prosecho, which means "listen carefully" or "to moor a ship" and pararheomen, which means "to let slip" or "drift away." Pararheomen can be used of a ship that has been carelessly allowed to drift past the harbor because the sailor forgot to attend to the steerage or chart the wind, tides, and current. Verse 1 could be translated this way: "Therefore, we must diligently anchor our lives to the things we have been taught lest the ship of life drift past the harbor of salvation and be lost forever." That is a graphic picture of what happens.

What does "drifting away" mean? The primary application is for people who are in danger of dismissing the gospel despite exposure to it. In a secondary sense, there is application for those who have received the gospel but are in danger of dismissing it as one interest among many. The writer has a very simple word of exhortation to guard against drifting away. It is this: "Pay attention!" It is a message that will reappear several more times in this great book. This simplifies things, doesn't it? Paying attention may not be the easiest thing to do, but at least we know what we have to do. We must seek to scrutinize Jesus, to be engaged by him, to have our hearts penetrated and our minds transformed. When all else fails, beg God to show you Jesus, the true Jesus who is that treasure, that pearl of great price. The Holy Spirit, who is called the Spirit of truth, has been given to help us pay attention, to fasten our minds on the truth, to call Jesus Christ to our attention (John 16:7-14). Knowing that paying attention is difficult, the writer gives us two compelling reasons to do so. The first reason for paying attention to the gospel is that the consequences for disregarding it are tragic. The second reason for paying attention is that the benefits for embracing it are staggering. - Hebrews: www.pbc.org/books/Hebrews

One of the modern causes of "drifting away" is the theory of evolution. Bombarded by secular humanism, false religions and even plastic counterfeit “Christianity” offered as “truth,” it is hard to maintain a true course if one is not founded in the WORD that directs life. You don’t have to do anything to simply drift away; most Christian regress comes from a slow drifting, not from a sudden departure.

When we live and grow up in churches where we are accustomed to hearing the gospel message, all of us get to the point where we tend from time to time to slip into a mode where amazing grace is not amazing any more. In fact, it’s down right boring and routine. It’s expected. And that is a danger for everyone, especially those who grow up and are blessed in churches where the gospel is preached regularly. You become complacent about the gospel message. And the author of Hebrews here seems to be more concerned about those who are not going to outright reject the gospel, but those who might drift away from it. Look at his words. “So that we do not drift away from it.” He’s concerned about apathy or indifference to the truth. He’s not so concerned about people who are going to stand up in the middle of the sermon and say I don’t believe the gospel; that’s a bunch of rubbish. And we don’t have too many people around here that would stand up and do that. I wouldn’t guess that there would be many Baptist churches in town where folks would stand up in the middle of the preacher’s sermon and say, “We just don’t believe this gospel stuff; it’s a bunch of rubbish.” But I bet there are a lot of people that are in danger of neglecting the gospel or drifting away right in our midst. And the author of Hebrews is speaking right to that situation. In the face of that temptation what he wants us to remember is the seriousness of the gospel. - Hebrews: www.fpcjackson.org/resources/sermons/hebrews/Vol%201.htm/

(2) For the message God delivered through *angels has always stood firm, and every **violation of the law and every act of disobedience was punished.

*angels:
Acts 7:53: You deliberately disobeyed God’s law, even though you received it from the hands of angels.”
Galatians 3:19: Why, then, was the law given? It was given alongside the promise to show people their sins. But the law was designed to last only until the coming of the child who was promised. God gave his law through angels to Moses, who was the mediator between God and the people.

The concept that angels mediated the Law is found in Deuteronomy 33:2, Acts 7:53, Galatians 3:19 and Josephus, Antiquities, 15.53. "Angels" occurs 13 times in Hebrews.

**violation of the law and every act of disobedience: speak of a conscious rejection of God's will; i.e., an unwillingness to listen to God's voice.

The author is calling his readers to personal commitment and responsibility. Yes, God has saved and kept us by faith through grace, but He expects us to respond to His grace.

(3) So what makes us think we can escape if we *ignore this **great ***salvation that was first announced by the Lord Jesus himself and then delivered to us by those who heard him speak?

*ignore: Greek amelesantes means to neglect through apathy or make light of or not to care about something as in 1 Timothy 4:14: Do not neglect the spiritual gift you received through the prophecy spoken over you when the elders of the church laid their hands on you. Amelesantes is used in Matthew 22:5 (ignored them) of those who disregarded the invitation to the marriage supper. It means to have the opportunity, but to ignore or disregard it.

The danger is that some people will 'ignore' (literally 'be careless' about) this salvation. Matthew 22 illustrates the meaning of this phrase. In this chapter, Jesus is explaining the parable of the wedding feast as a picture of the kingdom of heaven. The feast has been prepared for all those who wish to come, but the invitation is continually rejected by those who are invited (verse 3). Again the king sends out slaves with the invitation to come to the feast. But note verse 5; 'But they paid no attention and went their way, one to his own farm, another to his business.' The phrase 'paid no attention' is the word 'neglect' that is used in Hebrews 2:3. Those in Matthew 22 were not interested in the wedding feast. They 'ignored' their invitation.

**great : This is a great salvation because the destiny we are saved for is great: we will one day break free from cancer and paralysis and arthritis and blindness and depression and corruption and futility and inherit the glory of the risen Son of God. He has been crowned with glory and honor (2:9); and that is where he is leading us. And it is a great salvation because the Savior is great: This is the Son of God who came, not an angel, not a mere human being, but the Son of God, who is God -- worshipped and revered forever. No one less than God has come to lead us to glory. So this is a great salvation because the Forerunner is great and because the goal is great. The Forerunner is the Son of God and the goal is glory of God.

***salvation: What is this salvation, which the writer describes as "so great a salvation"? Although salvation has past, present and future aspects, the writer here speaks of salvation as in the future. He speaks of those who "will inherit salvation" (Hebrews 1:14), and he speaks of "the world to come" (Hebrews 2:5). It is the future and eternal reign of Jesus Christ over God's new creation. Salvation, then, in the writer's mind, is entering into the kingdom to come (Hebrews 12:28). What makes it great? It is great because of the greatness of "the author of salvation" (Hebrews 2:10). Up until this point, the writer has done little else but describe the greatness the Son of God, Jesus Christ. Salvation is great because the Savior is great. The writer then proceeds to tell us that there is ample evidence to believe the gospel. It was first spoken through the Lord, namely, Jesus. The title "Lord" implies that the message is one that should be heeded. Immediately after going public, Jesus began "preaching the gospel of God," inviting people to be part of "the kingdom of God" (Mark 1:14-15). The gospel heralded by the Lord was "confirmed" by those who heard it: the apostles and other contemporaries who became followers of Jesus. That confirmation comes to us in the New Testament, the apostolic witness to the gospel of Jesus Christ. When we read the gospel of John, for example, we have an eyewitness account of one who walked with Jesus, heard and saw what he did, and even leaned on his breast (John 21:20-24). The words concerning Jesus in the New Testament are "what we have heard," and we should pay close attention to them. - Hebrews: www.pbc.org/books/Hebrews

This is a word to believers, not to the unsaved. The danger described isn’t rejecting salvation (though the principle certainly applies), but neglecting salvation Remember that Hebrews was written not primarily as an evangelistic tract, but as an encouragement and warning to discouraged Christians, those who neglected an abiding walk with Jesus.

The warning in Hebrews 2:1-4 is the first of five great warnings interjected throughout the book of Hebrews. Each one occurs in the middle of a treatise on the superiority of Christ. It's as if the writer can teach only so much before he has to confront his audience about their response. You can know all the truth there is to know about Jesus Christ and still go to hell if you never do anything about it. To whom is the warning directed? To Hebrew non-Christians who are intellectually convinced about the gospel, but have never committed their life to Christ. You have probably met people like that who say, "I believe, but I'm not ready to make a commitment." They go to church and hear the Word of God. They know it's true, but they are not willing to commit themselves to Jesus Christ. They are like the man who believes a boat can hold him but never gets in. I believe the warning is directed to the intellectually convinced--those who have heard the gospel and know the facts about Jesus Christ, but are not willing to receive Christ as Savior. That's the most tragic category of people in existence. The warning could not be to Christians because they are never in danger of neglecting salvation since they already have it. They might neglect growth and discipleship, but they could never neglect salvation. The warning can't be directed to people who've never heard the gospel because they can't neglect what they don't know exists. The only group left is those non-Christians who are intellectually convinced of the gospel but not committed to it. - The Superiority of Christ - The Tragedy of Neglecting Salvation: www.biblebb.com/files/MAC/sg1604.htm

(4) And God confirmed the message by giving signs and wonders and various miracles and gifts of the Holy Spirit whenever he chose.

Acts 2:43: A deep sense of awe came over them all, and the apostles performed many miraculous signs and wonders.

In addition to the words being spoke by the Lord, and being confirmed by eyewitnesses, God Himself testified about Christ with signs and wonders. People were raised from the dead, (Matthew 9:24, John 11:39), the blind were healed (Matthew 9:27, Matthew 20:30), the lame walked (Matthew 15:30). The Holy Spirit gave gifts to those believed; prophecy, healing, tongues, etc. The miracles of scripture, also testifies about Him, telling of his death and rejection by his people. (Isaiah 52:12-53:13), The exact time of his death (Daniel 9:24-27 Daniel’s 70 weeks), about his return (Zechariah 12:10).

The Son is superior to the angels.

(5) And furthermore, it is not angels who will control the future world we are talking about.

(6) For in one place the Scriptures say, “What are mere mortals that you should think about them, or a *son of man that you should care for him?

*son of man: Jesus himself used the title "Son of Man" for himself, a title that took on a broader concept than the one contained in Psalm 8 with the prophet Daniel, who envisioned the Son of Man receiving "dominion, glory and a kingdom" (Daniel 7:13). It is possible that the author understands "son of man" to be a title for Christ. Jesus' favorite title for himself was "son of man" according to the gospels. More importantly, the author of Hebrews understood "son of man" to express the concept of Christ as Second (or Last) Adam. Paul gives the fullest treatment of Jesus as Second Adam in Romans 5:12-21 and 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45-49. Christ as Second Adam reversed the Fall. By First Adam's disobedience, sin and death entered the world. By Second Adam's (Christ's) obedience the possibility of righteousness and life became available. It is likely that the author of Hebrews wanted to include Psalm 8:4 in his quotation so that his readers would recognize the concept of Christ as Second Adam in the phrase son of man.

(7) Yet you made *them only a little lower than the angels and crowned *them with glory and honor.

*them: or him

Some manuscripts add You gave them (or him) charge of everything you made.

It is Scripturally wrong to think of Jesus as merely God or merely man. It is wrong to think of Him as 50% God, 50% man (or any other percentage split). It is wrong to think of Him as “man on the outside” and “God on the inside.” The Bible teaches Jesus is fully God and fully man, that a human nature was added to His divine nature, and both natures existed in one Person, Jesus Christ. Significantly, the first false teaching about Jesus arising in the church was not that He wasn’t God, but that He wasn’t really human and He only seemed to be human. The heresy was called Docetism, coming from the Greek word to seem, and was taught by Cerinthus, who opposed the apostle John in the city of Ephesus, and whose teaching is probably the focus of 1 John 4:2 and 5:6.

(8) You gave *them authority over all things.” Now when it says “all things,” it means nothing is left out. But we have not yet seen all things put under their authority.

*them: or him; their: or his

Psalm 8:4-6: what are mere mortals that you should think about them, human beings that you should care for them? Yet you made them only a little lower than God and crowned them with glory and honor. You gave them charge of everything you made, putting all things under their authority

(9) What we do see is *Jesus, who was given a position “a **little lower than the angels”; and because he suffered death for us, he is now “crowned with glory and honor.” Yes, by God’s grace, Jesus tasted death for everyone.

*Jesus: The writer uses the Lord's human name here, Jesus, to emphasize his humanity. He was made like us. He became a man. He came in the flesh, and on the cross he who knew no sin became sin on our behalf (2 Corinthians 5:21), becoming less than the angels.

**little: for a short time

(10) God, for whom and through whom everything was made, chose to bring many children into glory. And it was only right that he should make Jesus, through his *suffering, a **perfect leader, fit to bring them into their salvation.

*suffering: Through suffering, Jesus completed the work necessary for our own salvation. Our suffering can make us more sensitive servants of God. People who have known pain are able to reach out with compassion to others who hurt. If you have suffered, ask God how your experience can be used to help others.
2 Corinthians 1:4: He comforts us in all our troubles so that we can comfort others. When they are troubled, we will be able to give them the same comfort God has given us.

**perfect: "Perfect" is from teleioo which also means "to be complete". Not perfect in that He was imperfect before death, but rather the idea of being completed, finished. Has to do with the idea of fully completing a course, making it to the end of God's plan.

NIV: In bringing many sons to glory, it was fitting that God, for whom and through whom everything exists, should make the *author of their salvation perfect through suffering. *author = Greek archegon = author, trailblazer, guide or champion. Hercules was called the archegon (champion) and soter (savior). Hebrews 12:2: We do this by keeping our eyes on Jesus, the champion who initiates and perfects our faith. Because of the joy awaiting him, he endured the cross, disregarding its shame. Now he is seated in the place of honor beside God’s throne.

Why does God sometimes not answer our prayers for healing, relief from problems etc.?

The Son's Solidarity with the "Sons"

(11) So now Jesus and the ones he makes holy have the same Father. That is why Jesus is not ashamed to call them his brothers and sisters.

(12) For he said to God, “I will proclaim your name to my brothers and sisters. I will praise you among your assembled people.”

Psalm 22:22: I will proclaim your name to my brothers and sisters. I will praise you among your assembled people. Remember, this psalm is Messianic, starting with My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?:

Psalm 22:
My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me, so far from the words of my groaning? O my God, I cry out by day, but you do not answer, by night, and am not silent. Yet you are enthroned as the Holy One; you are the praise of Israel. In you our fathers put their trust; they trusted and you delivered them. They cried to you and were saved; in you they trusted and were not disappointed. But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by men and despised by the people. All who see me mock me; they hurl insults, shaking their heads: "He trusts in the LORD; let the LORD rescue him. Let him deliver him, since he delights in him." Yet you brought me out of the womb; you made me trust in you even at my mother's breast. From birth I was cast upon you; from my mother's womb you have been my God. Do not be far from me, for trouble is near and there is no one to help. Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan encircle me. Roaring lions tearing their prey open their mouths wide against me. I am poured out like water,and all my bones are out of joint. My heart has turned to wax; it has melted away within me. My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth; you lay me in the dust of death. Dogs have surrounded me; a band of evil men has encircled me, they have pierced my hands and my feet. I can count all my bones; people stare and gloat over me. They divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing. But you, O LORD, be not far off; O my Strength, come quickly to help me. Deliver my life from the sword, my precious life from the power of the dogs. Rescue me from the mouth of the lions; save me from the horns of the wild oxen. I will declare your name to my brothers; in the congregation I will praise you. You who fear the LORD, praise him! All you descendants of Jacob, honor him! Revere him, all you descendants of Israel! For he has not despised or disdained the suffering of the afflicted one; he has not hidden his face from him but has listened to his cry for help. From you comes the theme of my praise in the great assembly; before those who fear you will I fulfill my vows. The poor will eat and be satisfied; they who seek the LORD will praise him— may your hearts live forever! All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations will bow down before him, for dominion belongs to the LORD and he rules over the nations. All the rich of the earth will feast and worship; all who go down to the dust will kneel before him— those who cannot keep themselves alive. Posterity will serve him; future generations will be told about the Lord. They will proclaim his righteousness to a people yet unborn— for he has done it.

As pioneer on the perfection trail there is a true sense in which Jesus is also the one who perfects us. Shifting to the language of priestly consecration, the author states in verse 11 that the one who sanctifies - that is Jesus - and those who are sanctified - that will be all of us who will follow Christ on the trail to fellowship and obedience to God - have one Father. In other words, life on the trail between fallen humanity and a holy God is a family life, a community life. It is the family formed by shared obedience and being made perfect by suffering. Thus Jesus is not ashamed to call them [us] brothers and sisters. - Hebrews 2:5-3:6 by Roger Hahn: www.crivoice.org/biblestudy/bbheb3.html

(13) He also said, “I will put my trust in him,” that is, “I and the children God has given me.”

Isaiah 8:17-18: I will wait for the Lord, who has turned away from the descendants of Jacob. I will put my hope in him. I and the children the Lord has given me serve as signs and warnings to Israel from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies who dwells in his Temple on Mount Zion.

The reasons for the incarnation.

(14) Because God’s children are human beings—made of flesh and blood—the Son also became flesh and blood. For only as a human being could he *die, and only by dying could he **break the power of the devil, who ***had the power of death.

*die: Suffering of death is a recurring theme in Hebrews (5:7-10, 9:26-28, 12:1-3).

**break: Greek katargeo - means to render inoperative or ineffective.

***had - or has

John 1:14: So the Word became human and made his home among us. He was full of unfailing love and faithfulness. And we have seen his glory, the glory of the Father’s one and only Son.
Romans 8:3: The law of Moses was unable to save us because of the weakness of our sinful nature. So God did what the law could not do. He sent his own Son in a body like the bodies we sinners have. And in that body God declared an end to sin’s control over us by giving his Son as a sacrifice for our sins.
1 Corinthians 15:21-22,26, 53-56: So you see, just as death came into the world through a man, now the resurrection from the dead has begun through another man. Just as everyone dies because we all belong to Adam, everyone who belongs to Christ will be given new life. And the last enemy to be destroyed is death. For our dying bodies must be transformed into bodies that will never die; our mortal bodies must be transformed into immortal bodies. Then, when our dying bodies have been transformed into bodies that will never die, this Scripture will be fulfilled: Death is swallowed up in victory. O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting? For sin is the sting that results in death, and the law gives sin its power.
Hebrews 10:5-7: That is why, when Christ came into the world, he said to God, “You did not want animal sacrifices or sin offerings. But you have given me a body to offer. You were not pleased with burnt offerings or other offerings for sin. Then I said, ‘Look, I have come to do your will, O God— as is written about me in the Scriptures.’”
Hebrews 12:2: We do this by keeping our eyes on Jesus, the champion who initiates and perfects our faith. Because of the joy awaiting him, he endured the cross, disregarding its shame. Now he is seated in the place of honor beside God’s throne.
Philippians 2:7-8: Instead, he gave up his divine privileges; he took the humble position of a slave and was born as a human being. When he appeared in human form, he humbled himself in obedience to God and died a criminal’s death on a cross.
1 Timothy 3:16: Without question, this is the great mystery of our faith: Christ was revealed in a human body and vindicated by the Spirit. He was seen by angels and announced to the nations. He was believed in throughout the world and taken to heaven in glory.
Revelation 20:14: Then death and the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death.

The only way Jesus could break the power of Satan and of death was to die; and the only way He could die was by becoming human.

(15) Only in this way could he set free all who have lived their lives as slaves to the *fear of dying.

*fear of dying: We're not set free from dying, but from the fear of dying.

Why did the Father will the death of his only beloved Son, and in so painful and shameful a form? Because the Father had laid on him the sins of us all (Isaiah 53:6). Jesus’ death was vicarious (undergone in our place) and atoning (securing remission of sins for us and reconciliation to God). It was a sacrificial death, fulfilling the principle of atonement taught in connection with the Old Testament sacrifices: “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” (Hebrews 9:22; Leviticus 17:11). As the “last Adam,” the second man in history to act on mankind’s behalf, Jesus died a representative death. As a sacrificial victim who put away our sins by undergoing the death penalty that was our due, Jesus died as our substitute. By removing God’s wrath against us for sin, his death was an act of propitiation (Romans 3:25; 1 John 2:2; 4:10 —“expiation,” signifying that which puts away sin, is only half the meaning). By saving us from slavery to ungodliness and divine retribution for sin, Jesus’ death was an act of redemption (Galatians 3:13; Ephesians 1:7; 1 Peter 1:18-19). By mediating and making peace between us and God, it was an act of reconciliation (Romans 5:10-11). It opened the door to our justification (pardon and acceptance) and our adoption (becoming God’s sons and heirs—Romans 5:1,9; Galatians 4:4-5). This happy relationship with our Maker, based on and sealed by blood atonement, is the “New Covenant” of which Jesus spoke in the Upper Room (1 Corinthians 11:25; Matthew 26:28). - A Sacrificial Death: www.bible.org/illus.php?topic_id=366

(16) We also know that the Son did not come to help angels; he came to help the *descendants of Abraham.

*descendants of Abraham: That is, the Jewish people.

This verse is rendered in the King James version as For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham.

(17) Therefore, it was necessary for him to be made in every respect like us, his brothers and sisters, so that he could be our merciful and faithful High *Priest before God. Then he could offer a sacrifice that would take away the sins of the people.

*Priest: The Son had to become human because high priests are taken from among human beings and He had to become a high priest in order to offer the ultimate sacrifice for sins. This theme of Jesus as the high priest is expanded upon in chapters 4 & 5 and then fully covered in chapter 7 where we learn that Jesus is a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek.

Hebrews 4:14 : So then, since we have a great High Priest who has entered heaven, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we believe.

Hebrews 5:1-2: Every high priest is a man chosen to represent other people in their dealings with God. He presents their gifts to God and offers sacrifices for their sins. And he is able to deal gently with ignorant and wayward people because he himself is subject to the same weaknesses.

(18) Since he himself has gone through suffering and testing, he is able to help us when we are being tested.

Jesus, both human and divine, is the bridge between us and God.


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